Era of Gandhi and National Movement
One Marks Questions
Answer: Rowlett
Answer: Khilafutb
Answer: Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: Dr. B.R.Ambedkar
Answer: Captain Lakshmi Sehgal
Answer: 1930
Answer: 1942
Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: Sardar Vallabhabai Patel
Three and Four Marks Questions
Answer:
Programs of non – cooperation movement.
• Boycotting schools, colleges and courts.
• Boycotting elections to regional legislative bodies held according of 1919 act.
• Returning all the honours and medals given by the British.
• Nominated members to the local bodies resigning from their membership.
• Boycotting all the government functions.
• Boycutting all foreign goods.
Answer:
• In the year 1920 Gandhiji gave a call for the non-co-operation movement against the British.
• In response to the call of Gandhiji thousands of people jumped into the freedom struggle at Chawri-Chawra in Uttar Pradesh.
• In the year 1922 the police used their force against peaceful protestors.
• As a result, the angry protestors ran into the police station and set the police station on fire. This resulted in about 22 policemen’s death and that was too burnt alive.
• As a result of this incident Gandhiji felt unhappy and withdrew his non-co-operation movement.
Answer:
• In 1930 the working committee of the congress met at Sabarmathi Ashram and passed resolution to hold civil disobedience under the leadership of Ghandhiji.
• Ghandhi wrote a letter to the viceroy demanding eleven points.
• As the viceroy rejected the letter, declared on March 12, 1930 that Ghandhiji would walk with followers upto Dandi. the coastal area of Gujarath.
• Gandhi covered 375 kms on foot and reached Dandi.
• He broke the law by holding a fistful salt without paying the tax which the British had levied on salt.
• Charaka, the spinning wheel became more famous during this March.
• Thousands of people participated in the salt Sathyagrah.
Answer:
• The eripps commission which was sent by the British government.
• Proposals, like according dominion status to India and calling a meeting to draft new constitution, were tabled.
• It was proposed that all states will have liberty to be part of new federation or not.
• These proposals were opposed by congress they called it as Quit India movement.
Answer:
• Ambedkar tressed for a separate electoral constituency for untouchables. This was opposed by Gandhiji.
• As a result, the second round table conference too ended without any conclusion.
• The British government announced its decision to provide separate electoral constituencies for the untouchables.
• It implemented the communal award’ in 1932.
• Gandhiji opposed this and started ‘Fasting unto Death’. Efforts were made to convince Ambedkar. As a result ‘Poona Pact’ was entered.
Answer:
• Subhash Chandra Bose desired to join the hands with the enemies of the British and thereby defeat the British.
• He escaped from house-arrest and left for Germany.
• There he gained the support of the German dictator, Hitler to make India free.
• He joined hands with Ras Behari Bose. Ras Behari Bose established the military wing of the Indian Independence League at Tokyo in Japan and remained it Indian National Army.
• Subhash Chandra took the leadership of the I.N.A.
• He planned to capture Delhi marching through Rangoon.
• Subhash died in a plane accident. Though Subhash Chandra Bose met his accidental death, his unforgettable achievement inspired the Indians to fight against the British for their freedom.
Answer:
• The tax and forest policies implemented during the British administration were the reasons for tribal revolts.
• Santala, Kola and Munda are important. Halagali Beda’s revolt of Karnataka is another notable revolt.
• The revolt of Santala tribe is considered an important revolt in India.
• The people of this tribe are present in the hilly areas of Bengal and Odisha states.
• With the implementation of the permanent Zamindari system, these people became landless.
• The Zamindars. Moneylenders and the company government became the exploiters of the Santala tribe.
• Their peace-loving nature and civilized manners were exploited by the government.
• The upset Santalas met security and decided to loot the Zamindars and the money lenders.
• The revolt was severe in Bhaktapur. Barahath, Rajamahal areas. As a result, the tribal people killed their enemies. Frightened money lenders and Zamindars fled from these areas. Though, the revolt of Santalas came to an end.
Answer:
• As the Prime Minister of India, he can be seen as the architect of industrialization and modern India.
• He also laid foundation for the diverse culture of India by implementing a language-based reorganization of states policy.
• He had firmly believed that only complete industrialization can bring development.
• He sought to develop India through ‘Five Year Plans’.
• He sought to develop infrastructure and heavy industries through these five-year plans.
• With the aim of mastering atomic energy.
• On the external affairs front, India wanted to stay away from both the powerful blocs of the cold war period and advocated non aligned movement.
• He was instrumental in staying away from power politics by adhering to Pancha Sheela principles.
Answer:
1. The British implemented Rowatt Act in 1919. Through this act, the British started controlling the nationalists.
2. Under this act they could arrest a man and declare him as an offender in a court of law.
3. Gandhi formed an association called ‘Sathyagraha Sobha’ to oppose this. By utilizing numerous political methods like huge public marches and meets along boycotts, the act was opposed.
4. Gandhiji had called for one day hartal on April 6, 1919. Dr. Fakruddin and Dr. Satyapal and various other leaders were arrested in Punjab.
5. To protest these arrests, the people had assembled in Jallianwala Bagh on April 13. 1919 on the day of Baisaki festival.
6. The military general of Amrithsar. general Dyer fired at the peacefully assembled the people and killed around 380 protesters.
7. Rabindranath Tagore returned his knighthood award back opposing this mindless violence.
8. Udam singh, a revolutionary killed general Dyer in England.
Answer:
1. The British government appointed Simon commission in 1927.
2. Arrived in India on February 3, 1928. The commission witnessed wide protests with slogans ‘Simon Go Back’.
3. Lala Lajapath Roy died when the protesters were lathi-charged in Lahore.
4. The British government put forth an indirect challenge to India.
5. The Nehru report advocated for dominion status for India along with internal federal structure.
6. It recommended for the abolishment of separate constituencies reserved for minority, creation of language-based regions out of the British India.
7. Ensuring human rights to Indians and the implementation of democratic tradition and many other recommendations were given in the report.
8. Jawaharlal Nehru adopted a resolution demanding total independence ‘Poorna Swaraj’. January 26th 1930 was declared as the Indian independence date.
9. This convention authorized Gandhiji to hold Civil disobedience protest Marches.
Answer:
• Workers struggle started in Calcutta in 1827.
• The workers of Jute and cotton mills along with railways started organizing themselves.
• Railway workers held protests in railway stations and raised slogans against the British officers.
• The printers union in Calcutta and cotton mill workers of Bombay created national awareness.
• A labour union was founded in Madras.
• Later many workers associations started.
• The congress supported such initiates from the workers unions. The contribution of workers and their unions are unique.
Answer:
1. Dr.B.R.Antbedkar had believed strongly that ‘”political freedom without social freedom is meaningless”.
2. Political freedom is of no value was his argument.
3. Ambedkar’s demand for separate electorate constituencies for untouchables created controversial between Anibedkar and. Gandhiji.
4. l ie studied the caste system and devised strategies to destroy it.
5. In order to prove that the untouchables have been denied even basic human rights, he organized “Mahad tank and Kalaram tern pel movements.’
6. Anibedkar founded ‘Bahishkrut Hithakarini Sabha’ and later Swatantra Karmika party’.
7. He published periodicals like “ Prabhudha Bharatha”. “Janatha’, Mookanayaka’ etc.
8. Dr.B.R.Antbedkar was elected as the chairman of the “Drafting Committee’ and the first law minister of independent India.
