Indian Natural Disasters
One Marks Questions
Answer: Tropical cyclones.
Answer: Cyclones.
Answer: Land Slides.
Answer: Sea waves.
Answer: Mining.
Answer: Mangrove forests.
Answer: Deforestation
Answer: Landslides
Two Marks Questions
Answer:
The most ideal conditions for the origin and development of Tropical cyclones are
• High temperature.
• Calm air and
• Highly saturated air.
Answer:
• Tropical cyclones occur mainly in India during the North-East Monsoon season.
• October and November are known for severe cyclones.
• Few cyclones occur in the month of May and June.
Answer:
• Cyclones are natural phenomena. We cannot prevent them.
• People can pay heed to the warnings.
• They should keep in touch with radio, television and other communicative lines.
• Temporary shelters should be provided during cyclones.
• Cyclone’s proof structures can be constructed.
• Mangrove forests and other deep-rooted trees can be grown along the coastline to check the impact of cyclone winds.
Answer:
• Floods causes loss of life and property.
• Damage to crops, vegetation, etc.
• Breakdown of communication and power system.
• Dislocation of transport system.
• Soil erosion, disruption of essential services, etc.
Answer:
• Slope reduction, prevention of rock falls along highways and other slope.
• Avoiding of mining and quarrying activities near steep slopes and human settlement and buildings.
• There should be massive reforestation, etc steps to reduce the occurrence of landslides.
Answer:
• Afforestation in the catchment area which helps in the reduction of run off.
• Construction of dams across the rivers and storing of water in reservoirs. It just reduces the volume of water and helps to provide water for irrigation, etc.
• Construction of embankments for protection against inundation of the inhabited areas and agricultural lands.
• Flood forecasting and early warnings. This is essential for taking timely action to prevent loss of human life, livestock and property.
Answer:
• Coastal areas including trees and building can be washed away.
• The roads, railways, bridges, etc along the coast can be damaged.
• Coastal areas can remain flooded over a long period of time requiring resettlement of people.
Answer:
• Constructing Sea walls. Groins and Breakwaters to protect the coastal areas from wave erosion.
• Restrict sand mining in coastal areas.
• Planting of trees to stabilize the beaches and coastal dunes.
Answer:
• Earthquake occur due to several causes such as plate movements.
• Volcanic eruption.
• Faulting and folding.
• Landslides.
• Collapse of underground cave roofs.
• Hydrostatic pressure of man made water bodies like reservoirs, etc.
• In India most of the earthquakes that have occurred earlier were due to plate movement.
Answer:
• The disasters effects of earthquakes are cracking of ground surface.
• Damage and destruction of buildings.
• Rails, roads, power lines, telecom lines, bridges, dams, factories, loss of human and animal lives and property.
• The other effects are fires, landslides, disturbance in ground water level.
• Blockage and diversion of river course, destruction of forests due to fires, etc.
Answer:
There are three major earthquake zones in India.
• The Himalayan Zone.
• The Indo – Gangetic zone.
• The Peninsular zone.
Answer:
Precautionary measures are
• Avoid human settlements in the earthquake-prone zones.
• Follow earthquake-resistant designs for the construction of buildings.
• Use building materials of high quality and avoid high rise buildings.
• Restrict the over groundwater mining.
• Restrict urban growth in the hilly areas with high seismic vulnerability.
• Avoid the construction of large darns and reservoirs.
• Stop deforestation and heavy quarrying activities.
Answer:
• Monsoon winds.
• Tropical cyclones.
• Tsunamis.
Answer:
Causes of landslides: Both natural and human-induced forces cause landslides.
Effects: Landslides are destructive natural disasters. Major effects are blocking of roads, railway lines, hurrying of human settlements and vegetation, loss of life and property etc. Roads blocking is a very common problem.
Answer:
In a cyclone, the wind blows spirally inwards towards the center of low pressure.
Effects of cyclones:
1. Tropical cyclones are very destructive to causes loss of life and property.
2. Damage to buildings, transports and communication system.
3. Disrupt power supply.
4. Destroy crops vegetation, animals, etc.
Answer:
The natural hazards which create wide spread destruction are known as natural disasters. Natural disasters can be geological hazards. Example: Earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, drought, cyclones, coastal erosion.
Answer:
Floods are caused by both natural and man made factors.
Natural catises for floods:
The natural factors include heavy rainfall, melting of snow, tropical cyclone cloud burst, blockage of the free flow of river water and silting river beds etc.
